For Further Reading
Publications by Sam Ward and the Ward Lab
On Science Education
Committee on Biology Teacher Inservice Programs, National Research Council, Samuel Ward, Chairman, (1996) The Role of Scientists in the Professional Development of Science Teachers , National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
Bender, C., S. Ward, and M.A. Wells . (1994) Improving undergraduate biology education in a large research university. Mol. Biol. Cell 5 : 129-134. View Citations
Ward, S. (1994) Why is Systemic Reform in Science Education so Difficult? In: Institutional Strategies for Enhancing Undergraduate Science Education. 1993 Howard Hughes Medical Institute Undergraduate Program Directors Meeting, Keynote Address, pp. 15-27.
Ward, S. (1992) Research and Teaching in the Biological Sciences. Testimony to U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, The Quality of Undergraduate Science Education , Hearing before the Subcommittee on Science of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, March 31, 1992), pp. 104-115.
Original Research Papers
LaMunyon, C.W., and S. Ward. (2002) Evolution of larger sperm in response to experimentally increased sperm competition in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 269, 1125-1128. Get Article commentary in Science Discover feature story
Muhlrad, P.J., and S. Ward. (2002) Spermiogenesis Initiation in Caenorhabditis elegans Involves a Casein Kinase 1 Encoded by the spe-6 Gene. Genetics 161, 143-155. Get Article
Nance J., Davis EB, S. Ward. (2000) spe-29 Encodes a Small Predicted Membrane Protein Required for the Initiation of Sperm Activation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 156, 1623-1633. Get Article
Reinke V, Smith HE, Nance J, Wang J, Van Doren C, Begley R, Jones SJ, Davis EB, Scherer S, Ward S, Kim SK. (2000) A global profile of germline gene expression in C. elegans. Mol Cell 6, 605-16. Get Article Web Site
Van Voorhies WA, and S. Ward. (2000) Broad oxygen tolerance in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. J Exp Biol 203, 2467-2478. Get Article View Citations
Van Voorhies WA, and S. Ward. (1999) Genetic and environmental conditions that increase longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans decrease metabolic rate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96, 11399-403. Get Article View Citations
Nance, J., A. N. Minniti, C. Sadler, and S. Ward. (1999) spe-12 encodes a sperm cell surface protein that promotes spermiogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 152, 209-20. Get Article
LaMunyon, C.W., and S. Ward. (1999) Evolution of sperm size in nematodes: sperm competition favours larger sperm. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 266, 263-267. Get Article
LaMunyon, C.W., and S. Ward. (1998) Larger sperm outcompete smaller sperm in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc. R.Soc. Lond. B. 265, 1997-2002. Get Article
Smith, H.E., and S. Ward. (1998) Identification of protein-protein interactions of the major sperm protein (MSP) of Caenorhabditis elegans . J. Mol. Biol. 279, 605-619. Get Article View Citations
Achanzar, W.E. and S. Ward . (1997) A nematode gene required for sperm vesicle fusion. J. Cell Science 110, 1073-1081. Get Article View Citations
LaMunyon, C.W., and S. Ward . (1997) Increased competitiveness of nematode sperm bearing the male X chromosome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94 , 185-189. Get Article View Citations
Minniti, A.N., C. Sadler and S. Ward (1996) Genetic and molecular analysis of spe-27 ,a gene required for spermiogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites. Genetics 143 , 213-223. View Citations
Varkey, J.P., P.J. Muhlrad, A.N. Minniti, B. Do, and S. Ward . (1995) The Caenorhabditis elegans spe-26 gene is necessary to form spermatids and encodes a protein similar to the actin-associated proteins kelch and scruin. Genes and Development 9 , 1074-1086. View Citations
LaMunyon, C.W., and S. Ward . (1995) Sperm precedence in a hermaphroditic nematode ( Caenorhabditis elegans ) is due to competitive superiority of male sperm. Experientia 51 , 817-823.
LaMunyon, C.W., and S. Ward. (1994) Assessing the viability of mutant and manipulated sperm by artificial insemination of Caenorhabditis elegans . Genetics 138, 689-692. View Citations
Varkey, J.P., P.L. Jansma, A.N. Minniti, and S. Ward. (1993) The Caenorhabditis elegans spe-6 gene is required for Major Sperm Protein Assembly and shows second site non-complementation with an unlinked deficiency. Genetics 133, 79-86. View Citations
Sanicola, M., S. Ward, A. Childs, and S.W. Emmons . (1990) Identification of a Caenorhabditis elegans histone H1 gene family. Characterization of a family member containing an intron and encoding a Poly(A)+ mRNA. J. Mol. Biol. 212 , 259-268.
Hill, D.P., D. Shakes, S. Ward, and S. Strome. (1989) A sperm-supplied product essential for initiation of normal embryogenesis is encoded by the paternal-effect embryonic lethal gene spe-11 . Dev. Biol. 136 , 154-166.
Shakes, D.C., and S. Ward. (1989) Mutations that disrupt the morphogenesis and localization of a sperm-specific organelle in Caenorhabditis elegans . Dev. Biol. 134 , 307-316.
Shakes, D.C., and S. Ward. (1989) Initiation of spermiogenesis in C. elegans : A pharmacological and genetic analysis. Dev. Biol. 134 , 189-200.
Scott, A.L., J. Dinman, D.J. Sussman, P. Yenbutr, and S. Ward . (1989) Major sperm protein genes from Onchocerca volvulus . Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 36, 119-126.
Scott, A.L., J. Dinman, D.J. Sussman, and S. Ward . (1989) Major sperm protein and actin genes in free-living and parasitic nematodes. Parasitology 98, 471-478.
L'Hernault, S.W., D.C. Shakes, and S. Ward. (1988) Developmental genetics of chromosome I spermatogenesis-defective mutants in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . Genetics 120 , 434-452.
Ward, S., D.J. Burke, J.E. Sulston, A.R. Coulson, D.G. Albertson, D. Ammons, M. Klass, and E. Hogan . (1988) The genomic organization of major sperm protein genes and pseudogenes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. J. Mol. Biol . 199, 1-13.
Klass, M., D. Ammons, and S. Ward . (1988) Conservation of the 5'- flanking sequences of transcribed members of the Caenorhabditis elegans major sperm protein gene family. J. Mol. Biol. 199, 15-22.
Bennett, K.L., and S. Ward . (1986) Neither a germ line-specific nor several somatically-expressed genes are lost or rearranged during embryonic chromatin diminution in the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides var. suum . Dev. Biol. 118, 141-147.
Ward, S. (1986) The asymmetric localization of gene products during the development of Caenorhabditis elegans spermatozoa. In: Gametogenesis and the Early Embryo (J.G. Gall, Ed.). Society for Developmental Biology 44th Annual Symposium, Alan Liss: New York.
Ward, S., T.M. Roberts, S. Strome, F.M. Pavalko, and E. Hogan . (1986) Monoclonal antibodies that recognize a polypeptide antigenic determinant shared by multiple Caenorhabditis elegans Sperm-Specific Proteins. J. Cell Biol. 102, 1778-1786.
Roberts, T.M., F.M. Pavalko, and S. Ward. (1986) Membrane and cytoplasmic proteins are transported in the same organelle complex during nematode spermatogenesis. J. Cell Biol. 102, 1787-1796.
Burke, D.J., and S. Ward . (1983) Identification of a large multigene family encoding the major sperm protein of Caenorhabditis elegans . J. Mol. Biol. 171, 1-29.
Ward, S., G.A. Nelson, and E. Hogan . (1983) The initiation of Caenorhabditis elegans spermiogenesis in vivo and in vitro . Dev. Biol . 98, 70-79.
Ward, S., and M. Klass . (1982) The localization of the major protein in C. elegans sperm and spermatocytes. Dev. Biol. 92, 203-208.
Roberts, T.M., and S. Ward. (1982) Membrane flow during nematode spermiogenesis. J. Cell Biol . 92, 113120.
Nelson, G.A., T.M. Roberts, and S. Ward. (1982) C. elegans spermatozoan locomotion: Amoeboid movement with almost no actin. J. Cell Biol . 92, 121-131.
Roberts, T.M., and S. Ward . (1982) Centripetal flow of pseudopodial surface components could propel the amoeboid movement of C. elegans spermatozoa. J. Cell Biol . 92, 132-138.
Nelson, G.A., and S. Ward . (1981) Amoeboid motility and actin in Ascaris lumbricoides sperm. Exp. Cell Res . 131, 149-160.
Ward, S., Y. Argon, and G.A. Nelson . (1981) Sperm morphogenesis in wild-type and fertilization-defective mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans . J. Cell Biol . 91, 26-44.
Nelson, G.A., and S. Ward . (1980) Vesicle fusion, pseudopod extension and amoeboid motility are induced in nematode spermatids by the ionophore monensin. Cell 19, 457-464.
Argon, Y., and S. Ward. (1980) Caenorhabditis elegans fertilization-defective mutants with abnormal sperm. Genetics 96, 413-433.
Roberts, T.M., S. Ward, and E. Chernin . (1979) Behavioral responses of Schistosoma Mansoni miracidia in concentration gradients of snail-conditioned water. J. Parasitol. 65, 41-49.
Ward, S., and J.S. Carrel . (1979) Fertilization and sperm competition in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . Dev. Biol . 73, 304-321.
Ward, S., and J. Miwa. (1978) Characterization of a temperature-sensitive fertilization-defective mutant of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . Genetics 88, 285-303.
Roberts, T.M., H.H. Stibbs, E. Chernin, and S. Ward . (1978) A simple quantitative technique for testing behavioral responses of Schistosoma mansoni miracidia to chemicals. J. Parasitol . 64, 277-282.
Ward, S. (1978) Nematode Chemoreceptors and Behavior. In: Taxis and Behavior (Receptors and Recognition, Series B, Vol. 5), (G. Hazelbauer, Ed.). Chapman and Hall: London, pp. 143-168.
Stibbs, H.H., E. Chernin, S. Ward, and M.L. Karnovsky . (1976) Snail-emitted magnesium alters swimming behavior of Schistosoma mansoni miracidia . Nature 260, 702-703.
Ward, S., N. Thomson, J.G. White, and S. Brenner . (1975) Electron microscopical reconstruction of the anterior sensory anatomy of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . J. Comp. Neurol . 160, 313-338.
Ward, S . (1973) Chemotaxis by the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans : Identification of attractants and analysis of the response by use of mutants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci . 70, 817-821.
Ward, S., and R.C. Dickson . (1971) Assembly of bacteriophage T4 tail fibers: III. Genetic control of major tail fiber polypeptides. J. Mol. Biol . 62, 479-492.
Ward, S., R.B. Luftig, J.H. Wilson, H. Eddleman, H. Lyle, and W.B. Wood . (1970) Assembly of bacteriophage T4 tail fibers: II. Isolation and characterization of tail fiber precursors. J. Mol. Biol . 54, 15-32.
Ward, S . (1970) An improved transverse destaining apparatus for acrylamide gels. Anal. Biochem . 33, 259-262.
Ward, S., D.L. Wilson, and J.J. Gilliam . (1970) Methods of fractionation and scintillation counting of radioisotope labeled polyacrylamide gels. Anal. Biochem. 38, 90-97.
Invited Reviews
Ward, S. (1988) Caenorhabditis elegans , a model for the study of parasitic helminths. In: The Biology of Parasitism, A Molecular and Immunological Approach (P.T. Englund and A. Sher, Eds.), MBL Lectures in Biology, Vol. 9 . Alan Liss: New York, pp. 503-518.
Kimble, J., and S. Ward. (1988) Germ line development and fertilization. In: The Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (W.B. Wood, Ed.). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory: New York, pp. 191-213.
Ward, S . (1987) Expression of sperm-specific genes during nematode spermatogenesis. In: Cell Biology of the Testis and Epididymis (M.C. Orgebin-Crist and B.J. Danzo, Eds.). Annals of the New York Academy of Science 513, 128-133.
Bennett, K.L., and S. Ward. (1986) Chromatin diminution in Ascaris lumbricoides . In: Molecular Strategies of Parasite Invasion (N. Agabian, H. Goodman, and N. Noguiera, Eds.). UCLA Symposia, Inc.: New York, NY.
Ward, S., and M.R. Klass . (1986) Isolation of nematode major sperm proteins. Meth. Enzymol. 134, 414-420.
Roberts, T.M., and S. Ward . (1982) Directed membrane flow on the pseudopods of C. elegans spermatozoa. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology XLVI, 695-702.
Ward, S., T.M. Roberts, G.A. Nelson, and Y. Argon. (1982) The development and motility of Caenorhabditis elegans spermatozoa. J. Nematol. 14, 259-266.
Ward, S. (1982) Genetic analysis of the sensory nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans . Proceedings of the 5th International Congress of Parasitology VII, 28-31.
Nelson, G.A., K.K. Lew, and S. Ward . (1978) Intersex, a temperature-sensitive mutant of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . Development 66, 386-409.
Ward, S . (1977) Invertebrate Neurogenetics. Ann. Rev. Genetics 77, 415-450.
Ward, S . (1977) The use of behavioral mutants for analysis of neural function and development. Society for Neuroscience Symposia II, 1-26.
Ward, S. (1976) The use of behavioral mutants to analyze the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . In: The Organization of Nematodes (Neil A. Croll, Ed.). Academic Press: New York.
Books on C. elegans Biology and Research Methods
The Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (W.B. Wood, Ed.). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory: New York (1988)
C. elegans II (D.L. Riddle, et al., Eds.). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: New York (1997) Online searchable text!
C. elegans: Modern Biological Analysis of an Organism Methods in Cell Biology Series. (Epstein, H.F. and D.C. Shakes, Eds.). Academic Press (1995)
C. elegans: A Practical Approach A Practical Approach Series, 213. (Ian A. Hope, Ed.) Oxford University Press (1999)
Search C. elegans literature on the World Wide Web
http://www.mcb.arizona.edu/wardlab/publications.html
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Last Modified: June 26, 2002
Paul Muhlrad pmuhlrad@u.arizona.edu